A few weeks ago, “Zero Dark Thirty” seemed well on its way to capturing the Academy Award for best picture. It was winning early critic awards and gaining the kind of momentum a movie needs to win Hollywood’s biggest prize.
Much was made about the authenticity of the film by director Kathryn Bigelow and screenwriter Mark Boal, who used insider access to tell the sweeping, meticulously detailed story of the decade-long search for Osama bin Laden.
Then last week, “Zero Dark Thirty” won five Academy Award nominations, including for best picture, and this past weekend, it was No. 1 at the domestic box office with a gross of nearly $25 million.
Yet what may be the film’s biggest challenge in the pursuit of Oscar glory is playing out from Hollywood to Washington as debate mounts over the film’s accuracy in its depiction of torture and whether the movie itself endorses the use of torture.
Lawmakers are also investigating whether the CIA gave Bigelow and Boal false information as to whether enhanced interrogation tactics led directly to the 2011 capture and killing of the al-Qaida leader in Pakistan.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences failed to nominate Bigelow for director, and on Sunday night, “Zero Dark Thirty” received only one Golden Globe Award from the Hollywood Foreign Press Association — for best actress Jessica Chastain’s portrayal of a driven CIA operative.
Could congressional scrutiny over such an emotionally charged issue as torture be affecting “Zero Dark Thirty’s” awards momentum? Will the bicoastal backlash ultimately prevent the film from winning the best picture award when the Oscars are presented on Feb. 24? Could the dispute also have a bearing on other top honors to be given in the weeks ahead by producers, writers and directors guilds?
Among those raising questions about the film are Sens. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., and John McCain, R-Ariz., who wrote a letter to the CIA’s acting director, Michael Morell, asking him to share documents showing what the filmmakers were told. The fact that the subject of torture is so fresh and relevant in this country also complicates matters for the film.
At least one member of the motion picture academy, David Clennon, has said he will not vote for “Zero Dark Thirty” in any category because of the way it depicts torture.
Fighting back after days of silence, Bigelow responded to the criticism in an article for the Los Angeles Times on Wednesday, in which she said torture was an undeniable part of the hunt for bin Laden.
“Experts disagree sharply on the facts and particulars of the intelligence hunt, and doubtlessly that debate will continue,” Bigelow wrote. “As for what I personally believe, which has been the subject of inquiries, accusations and speculation, I think Osama bin Laden was found due to ingenious detective work,” she continued. “Torture was, however, as we all know, employed in the early years of the hunt. That doesn’t mean it was the key to finding bin Laden. It means it is a part of the story we couldn’t ignore.”
Amy Pascal, the co-chairman of Sony Pictures Entertainment, which distributed the film, has issued her own lengthy statement in support of the film, saying it does not advocate torture and would have been inaccurate without its inclusion.
“This film should be judged free of partisanship. To punish an artist’s right of expression is abhorrent,” she said.
But Oscar historian Tom O’Neil thinks punishment is exactly what’s happening here.
“Kathryn Bigelow paid a price for giving torture such a starring role in this movie,” said O’Neil. “Whether that’s a reaction to the controversy over its accuracy or it was a reaction to the use of torture at all … some people are being thrown by that.”
Previous films based on real-life stories like “The Hurricane” and “Mississippi Burning,” which looked like serious awards contenders when they came out, took hits as disparities arose between what’s on screen and what’s the truth, O’Neil noted.
“The characters were portrayed heroically, then we find out they weren’t that wonderful,” he said.
Omer M. Mozaffar, a religious studies professor at the University of Chicago and Loyola University Chicago whose teachings include literature and history, wrote about even more detailed inaccuracies in the film on Roger Ebert’s website. Mozaffar, who’s originally from Pakistan, pointed out that certain supporting players were speaking the wrong language or had the wrong skin color for the region.
“As an audience member, I trust that what I’m seeing is the truth,” he said. “But it’s a two-sided coin. If the filmmaker is saying something is the truth, I’d hope that what they’re showing is the truth, but audience members must also remember that they’re watching a movie.”
Glenn Whipp, who covers the awards season for the Los Angeles Times, agrees that Oscar voters may feel a bit squeamish about “Zero Dark Thirty” at this point and go for something safe like Steven Spielberg’s “Lincoln” or “Argo,” which won Golden Globes for best motion picture drama and for director Ben Affleck.
“For academy voters, there’s two issues here: Some believe the filmmakers fudged the facts. And even if they didn’t get it wrong, there’s the notion that showing torture and acknowledging its role in the decade-long hunt for bin Laden all but endorses its use. That’s going to ding the film’s Oscar hopes,” Whipp said. “But Hollywood hates Washington grandstanding, and there’s a deep-seated belief among academy members that the complaints are coming from people pursuing their own political agendas.”
Whipp doesn’t think any perceived controversy surrounding the film was a factor in keeping Bigelow out of contention for best director.
“After all, ‘Zero Dark Thirty’ was still nominated for picture and four other Oscars,” he pointed out. “It’s more of a case of the directors’ branch still being a boys club.”
Still, “Zero Dark Thirty” star Chastain said it takes a beautiful film to create such impassioned conversation.
“Kathryn Bigelow and Mark Boal, what they’ve done with this film is end it with an unanswered question: ‘Where do you want to go?'” Chastain told The Associated Press. “They don’t say: ‘This is what we’ve discovered and this is what’s right and this is what’s wrong.’ They say: ‘This is what we’ve discovered. What do you think?’ And whenever you leave that opened, it’s going to create controversy because it’s not answered for you. That’s important.”
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Associated Press entertainment reporter Nicole Evatt contributed to this report from New York.
AI-Assisted Works Can Get Copyright With Enough Human Creativity, According To U.S. Copyright Office
Artists can copyright works they made with the help of artificial intelligence, according to a new report by the U.S. Copyright Office that could further clear the way for the use of AI tools in Hollywood, the music industry and other creative fields.
The nation's copyright office, which sits in the Library of Congress and is not part of the executive branch, receives about half a million copyright applications per year covering millions of individual works. It has increasingly been asked to register works that are AI-generated.
And while many of those decisions are made on a case-by-case basis, the report issued Wednesday clarifies the office's approach as one based on what the top U.S. copyright official describes as the "centrality of human creativity" in authoring a work that warrants copyright protections.
"Where that creativity is expressed through the use of AI systems, it continues to enjoy protection," said a statement from Register of Copyrights Shira Perlmutter, who directs the office.
An AI-assisted work could be copyrightable if an artist's handiwork is perceptible. A human adapting an AI-generated output with "creative arrangements or modifications" could also make it fall under copyright protections.
The report follows a review that began in 2023 and fielded opinions from thousands of people that ranged from AI developers, to actors and country singers.
It shows the copyright office will continue to reject copyright claims for fully machine-generated content. A person simply prompting a chatbot or AI image generator to produce a work doesn't give that person the ability to copyright that work, according to the report. "Extending protection to material whose expressive elements are determined by a machine ...... Read More